12/18/2023 0 Comments Dendrite labeled arbor modelFilopodia are motile, antenna-like protrusions that sample the environment for extracellular cues and potential synaptic partners. Spine development is then initiated by formation of filopodia from the dendritic shaft ( Ziv and Smith, 1996). Following this phase, the arbor is remodeled via activity-dependent addition or removal of branches. Following the establishment of neuronal polarity, dendrites grow and branch to form an arbor defining the neuron's synaptic input field ( Ledda and Paratcha, 2017). The developmental processes leading to spine formation have been well characterized in the mammalian brain. In the future, this system could be combined with high-throughput screening approaches to identify genes and drug targets that regulate spine formation.ĭendritic spines are the principal site of excitatory synapse formation in the human brain ( Nimchinsky et al., 2002 Yuste, 2013). Taken together, these findings establish a genetic labeling system to study dendritic spine development in larval zebrafish. PyrNs in fmr1 mutants exhibited pronounced defects in dendrite growth and spine stabilization. The utility of this system to study neurodevelopmental disorders was validated by examining spine development in fmr1 mutant zebrafish, a model of fragile X syndrome. Throughout this period, motile, transient filopodia gradually transform into stable spines containing postsynaptic specializations. Our findings identify a developmental period during which PyrN dendrite growth is concurrent with spine formation. To characterize dendritic spine development, we performed mosaic genetic labeling of individual PyrNs labeled by an id2b:gal4 transgene. Although spiny neurons are rare in the larval zebrafish, pyramidal neurons (PyrNs) of the zebrafish tectum form an apical dendrite containing a dense array of dendritic spines. We have developed a genetic system in zebrafish to enable high-resolution in vivo imaging of spine dynamics during larval development. Although spine development has been thoroughly characterized in the mammalian brain, spines are not unique to mammals. Several neurodevelopmental disorders cause spines to develop abnormally, resulting in altered spine number and morphology. Dendritic spines are the principal site of excitatory synapse formation in the human brain.
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